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Richard Jasper's avatar

As the husband of a Japanese immigrant who is a proud supporter of the Japanese American National Museum, let's call them what JANM does: concentration camps. Don't accept and don't dignify whatever euphemism the fascist regime decides upon.

Dee Whitman's avatar

I don't want to minimize the horror of what Japanese Americans experienced in US camps -- but neither do I want to minimize the extreme horror of the concentration camps in which Nazis pretty much tortured all Jews (insufficient food, heat, and living space for everyone, in addition to forced labor, beatings, medical experiments for some, etc.). That didn't happen to Japanese Americans, nor has it happened to the immigrants who have been rounded up in the past 10+ years.

So please *don't* use the term "concentration camps" for anything other than the Nazi torture-and-death camps. "Internment camps" or "immigrant-detention centers" are accurate and not euphemistic.

Richard Jasper's avatar

Take that that up with the Japanese Americans, like George Takei, who were there. You ARE, in fact, minimizing what happened to them when you use the same term employed by the American government that imprisoned them. . The survivors of the Nazi death camps don't own the term.

Kelly Green's avatar

You can bash the internment camps as violations of civil rights, but you can't conclude they didn't work to avoid sabotage. Before them there was one violent treasonous act by a Japanese-American and after them there were none.

Richard Jasper's avatar

It was a pretext, plain and simple, for organized theft. Homes, businesses, and land were expropriated from Japanese American citizens and sold to whites for pennies on the dollar. And, no, when the war was over their property was not restored to the citizens from whom it was taken. They were free to buy it back -- at full value -- but very few did since they'd all been impoverished by the theft. Decades later the United States apologized for this crime against its own citizens and made reparations (again pennies on the dollar compared to the value of property stolen.) So rather than parroting mindless propaganda perhaps consider visiting the Japanese American National Museum website and learn what ACTUALLY happened?

Kelly Green's avatar

I have been to the museum and would recommend they incorporate my point.

In your deleted comment you called me a Nazi. I don't think it's fair to compare treating immigrants and first generation descendants of a nation you're actually at war with more cautiously to blaming an ethnicity for all of society's problems and slaughtering them in terrible ways. Or that it's fair to compare writing words to any of that.

Note I didn't say that Japanese internment was a good thing or advisable in the future. I said that you can't assume there was zero mass on the other side of the scale. We must weigh such matters in darkness rather than with clarity.

As for "parroting mindless propaganda" lol I thought this was a hot take and would challenge you to show anyone saying anything similar. I've never seen this written anywhere. Good one though.

Richard Jasper's avatar

I will re-instate my previous comment. Bigots gonna be bigots, racists gonna be racists, Nazis gonna be Nazis, and you have proven yourself to be all three.

Richard Jasper's avatar

First, you mean re-state. Second, you presented nothing but a long ad hominem, which loses you the argument fully. Third, you show what kind of man you are by blocking immediately after a post, trying to get the last word. If you are going to block, have the decency not to launch a disgusting ad hominem right before. Pathetic.

Tom153's avatar

Calling deportation "concentration camps", trying to equate policy to genocide, is a Krugman euphemism, trying to generate emotional reaction, namely fear. He's setting the stage of fear, by pointing to the human emotional effects, to set the stage for part 2 of his "thesis", that deportation will be an economic disaster for USA, when even his own data points to a minor 5% effect, and even acknowledges that "legal" workers in USA are slowly being squeezed out of the labor market. Mind you these will be the "marginal" workers, like teens, those with disabilities, those with less education, those with less training, those with less skills; Any wonder why so many in America are starting to wake up to those facts, and some politicians are addressing them.

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Jan 27, 2025
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Alan "sourcejedi" Jenkins's avatar

"a prison or other facility used for the internment of political prisoners or politically targeted demographics, such as members of national or minority ethnic groups, on the grounds of state security, or for exploitation or punishment.[1] Prominent examples of historic concentration camps include the British confinement of non-combatants during the Second Boer War, the mass internment of Japanese-Americans by the US during the Second World War, the Nazi concentration camps (which later morphed into extermination camps), and the Soviet labour camps or gulag."

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Jan 27, 2025Edited
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Susanna J. Sturgis's avatar

They lost their freedom and, very often, their homes and most of their personal property FOR NO GOOD REASON. You're splitting hairs to make yourself feel better. Now let's hear your justification for Jim Crow.

Bob Abbey's avatar

When it comes to defining concentration camps, I'm going to rely on experts rather than random people on Substack. In this case, the expert is a published author and scholar named Andrea Pitzer, whose 2017 book "One Long Night: A Global History of Concentration Camps" includes the following:

"Political philosopher Hannah Arendt described concetration camps as divided into Purgatory, Hades, and Hell, moving from the netherland of internment to labor camps of the Gulag and Nazi death factories. But nearly all concentration camps share one feature: they extract people from one area to house them somewhere else. It sounds like a simple concept, but both elements are distinct and important. Camps require the removal of a population from a society with all its accompanying rights, relationships, and connections to humanity. This exclusion is followed by an involuntary assignment to some lesser condition or place, generally detention with other undesirables under armed guard."

Pitzer concludes her discussion of the defining characteristics of a concentration camp with another quote from Hannah Arendt:

"All three types [of camps] have one thing in common: the human masses sealed in them are treated as if they no longer matter, as if what happened to them were no longer of interest to anybody, as if they were already dead and some evil spirit gone mad were amusing himself by stopping them for a while between life and death."

I'm not terribly interested in debating whether something was or wasn't a concentration camp at this stage, because to do so is a distraction. Trump's army of online ventriloquist dummies wasted countless hours of our time four years ago pretending that terminology was the issue, as if what you called something made it any less inhumane.

Will Liley's avatar

“First they came for the trade unionists but because I was not a trade unionist,…”

Marge Wherley's avatar

You have a narrower definition of concentration camp than the above citation. No one is claiming that exterminations camps will be developed.

Edwin Callahan's avatar

Don’t put it past Stephen Miller.

Rena's avatar

Right? I wouldn't put anything past Stephen Miller.

PipandJoe's avatar

It is highly likely, in my view, that those who end up in Trump's camps will be sent to farms as forced labor as the workforce dries up - don't you think?

Jill Barrett's avatar

It's certainly what happened in the Japanese-American camps during WW2.

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Jan 28, 2025
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Jon Margolis's avatar

They were put in concentration camps, but not death camps. Although there were many preventable deaths in the camps that would not have occurred had the people not been moved there forcibly.

Oh, and by the way, do you know where Japanese were not interned? In Hawaii, the only part of the US actually attacked by the Empire of Japan.

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Jan 28, 2025
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Jon Margolis's avatar

That's not what I said. Take off the blinders and read it again.

Alan "sourcejedi" Jenkins's avatar

Some Japanese people were indeed used to perform slave labour.

"Shortly after the arrival of the first internee groups in June, Lundy ordered them to perform punishing manual labor in midday heat" (Lordsburg Internment Camp).

Retroactively reserving the name "concentration camp" for Nazi Germany would just miss the point IMO. We're a long way from extermination camps, and that makes it more important to see individual steps.

Having named the tactic of rounding up civilians and putting them into camps, often during war? I'm inclined to think blanket rejection is just euphemism :-).

I can imagine there are arguments about appropriate ways to communicate this history. Perhaps you could provide one more interesting than ~"no, actually they weren't". Do you wish to take the position that only one concentration camp met your preferred criteria, and only for a few months during which they also shot dead two elderly men claimed to be trying to escape?

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Jan 27, 2025
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Alan "sourcejedi" Jenkins's avatar

Sounds like you didn't enjoy learning today! Oh well. It was interesting to me.

ASM's avatar

Another comment troll folks. If they don’t add to the discourse meaningfully, please don’t engage. A question like that is only meant to distract/deflect/whatever ⬆️ is. Also you can mute/block by clicking on their name to get to their profile, then choosing mute/block from (…) menu on their profile page.

David John Urban's avatar

Thank you for this comment. I was hoping for intelligent, respectful comments and very discouraged to find mindless name calling.

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Jan 27, 2025Edited
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Pam Edgeworth's avatar

I enjoy being able to comment, but I cannot afford to pay for it. I hope Paul keep it open to all of us. Block the rude and/or ignorant people.

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Jan 27, 2025
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Dr. Fake Smile's avatar

RRL: take off your rose colored glasses- this is our history. We did it first to American Indians, next to Black Americans and again to the Japanese. We are guilty as sin if we deny these truths.

cosimo's avatar

our genoside of the Natives of America, north and south, exceeds

any other such event...

Paul Hossfield's avatar

The camps were not horrific like those in Germany but they were concentration camps by definition. My dad used to try to justify it by saying, "We were in a fucking war!" True, but we were also at war with Germany, but he didn't order the rounding up of (white) German citizens and start putting them in camps, only Japanese.

cosimo's avatar

our genoside of the Natives of America, north and south, exceeds

any other such event...

Sam H's avatar

The page you link to makes it very clear that the experiences of Japanese Americans we placed in those camps were qualitatively different from those of Germans and Italians:

"While civilians of Japanese ancestry were subject to a three-tiered process of exclusion, removal, and internment, most of America's ethnic Germans and Italians were spared from one substantial component: they were not forced to endure a comprehensive program of removal followed by incarceration in WRA camps...Anti-Asian prejudice coupled with the fact that German and Italian immigrants—unlike Japanese Issei —were eligible for U.S. citizenship enabled members of these ethnic communities to become more closely enmeshed within the American social fabric than their Japanese counterparts. The majority of German and Italian-born civilians living in the United States in 1941 had already received American citizenship. In fact, President Roosevelt and Secretary of War Henry J. Stimson quickly dismissed the notion that Italian Americans posed any danger to the American war effort. Given these factors, although General John L. DeWitt initially recommended the mass removal of ethnic Germans and Italians residing in coastal areas, it is not surprising that a congressional committee led by California Representative John H. Tolan rejected his proposal. (See Tolan Committee.) People of Italian ancestry received an additional boost on Columbus Day 1942, when Attorney General Francis Biddle officially deleted Italians from the ranks of enemy aliens."

Stan Zanarotti's avatar

Ask George Takei what they were.

Susanna J. Sturgis's avatar

Good heavens, is that a secret?

Bill Kavaler's avatar

Yes. They were the definition of concentration camp. I think you are deeply misinformed. There were concentration camps well before the Nazis used them. In South Africa during the Boer War, for example.

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Jan 27, 2025
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Sheri's avatar

So they’re only concentration camps if they exterminate people…..alrighty then.

Chuck's avatar

Yes. He did. Don’t kid yourself. We imprisoned Japanese during ww2

Richard Jasper's avatar

Thanks for sharing your true colors. Apologists for racism always do.

Maria Teresa Alvarez's avatar

Yes. It was wrong of course but there was the excuse of a war.

BlueGirl's avatar

I disagree that Trump is surrounding himself with sycophants. I think the Project 2025 agenda has been written and Trump has been recruited as the cipher to carry it out. He has little to no understanding of what he is selling to the US public. He doesn't have to. The likes of Stephen Miller are the architects and executors of Trump’s policies. Trump is merely the front man - the salesman. Those sycophants are the ones pulling the strings of government. Trump will be kept happy signing executive orders for the cameras, meeting dignitaries, getting daily headline coverage, making money out of the Presidency despite the emoluments clause, staying out of prison and SLAPP suiting anyone and everyone. Likewise, Trump weirdo appointees like Hegseth will be mere front men and women, political camouflage, for the real puppetmasters.

PipandJoe's avatar

He does not care what he is selling to the public, in my view.

The project 2025 types and Christian Nationalists and various conspiracy fringes and

"owning the lib types" helped him get back to power when all voting together, and that is what it is about.

He will enrich himself and wants to be an authoritarian and in the process he will let them all have at our destruction if he thinks he can benefit as a result.

He cobbled together just enough fringe groups to win an election. This is why he brought people like RFK, Jr and Gabbard on board. It was all a numbers game.

However, I do think the racism is genuine on Trump's part. He seems to see rich whites, like himself, as having more value than others. Just look at the way he visited the Palisades and not Altadena after the fires and the types of language he uses for immigrants of color, dehumanizing them.

Rex Page (Left Coast)'s avatar

Yes. Racism is convicted felon Trump’s only deeply held “value.” The rest is just common grift.

BlueGirl's avatar

A few people have said that. I agree. Project 2025 needed someone like Trump and Trump needed something like Project 2025...it's a symbiotic relationship. I have read or seen analysis that what the US is experiencing in Trump and Project 2025 is the inevitable result of Reaganism. Trump is a very one dimensional villian. He is racist but has no capacity to understand the economic (or any other) implications of his personal philosophy (if you can even call it that), other than whether it brings him immediate validation, attention, power and wealth. He's a narcissist but a very stupid one. However, I am not convinced the authors of Project 2025 are so stupid. I think they may understand that they are taking a wrecking ball to the US economy but they are doing it for a higher cause in their mind which can be largely summarised as neo-Nazism and a new US hegemony. Trump and his bunch of weirdos are the acceptable face of that. I cannot imagine Stephen Miller, Russ Vought or Tom Homan being capable of the same job.

Winston Smith London Oceania's avatar

And don't forget a compliant - sometimes enthusiastically so - Senate and House. They're the pipeline to making this all more than mere ephemeral executive orders.

Sue P's avatar

he is a skilled performer of kayfabe. he may not understand why he is doing what he is doing all the time, but he knows how to do it.

Rena's avatar

You're right that a Cheeto is a tool for the Project 2025 folks - but it's also correct that the sycophants around him will not stop his worst instincts, e.g. getting revenge on people by politicizing the DOJ, withholding FEMA aid from states that he doesn't like, imposing tariffs that have the potential to upend our economy, etc.

Miss Anne Thrope's avatar

“One of the saddest lessons of history is this: If we’ve been bamboozled long enough, we tend to reject any evidence of the bamboozle. We’re no longer interested in finding out the truth. The bamboozle has captured us. It’s simply too painful to acknowledge, even to ourselves, that we’ve been taken. Once you give a charlatan power over you, you almost never get it back.”

- Carl Sagan

Winston Smith London Oceania's avatar

It's astounding. To this day Republicans are still trying to avenge Nixon. Even those who weren't even born yet.. Assuming for a moment that humanity survives long enough, future historians a century or two from now will be looking at the criminality of the Reagan administration, Bush I, Bush II, and now Trump, and marvel at how gullible the voting public was.

Miss Anne Thrope's avatar

Yup. As it's said here in East Resume Speed UT, "Ya cain't fix stoopid!"

Rex Page (Left Coast)'s avatar

People who voted for felon47 are not stupid. They knew what they were voting for, and they like what they got. They are, however, willfully ignorant and able to inaccurately blame Democrats for anything they don’t like.

Metroleague's avatar

This is spot on. We saw it happen last time. People got intellectually and spiritually captured.

Andy the Alchemist's avatar

They will happily crash the entire countries economy just to make the brown folks feel afraid and suffer. Shame they don't realize their hatred is burning the house down with all of us still trapped inside it.

Eike Pierstorff's avatar

I have seen people say the Trumpists will come around once they see the damage to the economy, but based on what I know about history they will probably not. Musk is certainly not intelligent enough to be Trump's Hjalmar Schacht, the gifted if evil finance minister of the early Third Reich. But he might prove to be a passable Fritz Sauckel. Sauckel was the man who organized the "Reichsarbeitsdienst", the compulsory service that pressed jobless Germans into forced labor at essentially an apprentice's wage, half of which was withheld for food and barrack housing. It is hard to image than the new administration will let an opportunity pass to make the poor work for the rich and harvest those fields. And it did not reduce support for the Nazi regime back then. On the contrary, support for Hitler grew stronger. Historian Götz Aly proposed a theory (that did not make it into academic mainstream AFAIK) that Germans felt they were so much in on the crime by being complicit for too long, that they saw their only chance of not being judged or punished in doubling down and physically destroy all that might condemn them, and based on the responses to the last week, this might be very well what will happen in response to Trumpism (and not just in the US; European business "leaders" (no accident this translates to "Führer") essentially propose that Europe should give in and bow essentially to Trump rule. Don't be hopeless, but don't put your hope into the ones who created this mess.

Marge Wherley's avatar

Consider: states are beginning to experiment with child labor. Do we think rich kids will be working in the slaughterhouses?

Congress is once again trying to require recipients of federal assistance to work, including people who receive Medicaid. Do we think rich people are receiving Medicaid? And the continuing efforts to get rid of Obamacare? If people must rely on employment to receive healthcare, they will put up with many exploitive labor practices. Again, do we think rich people will be harmed by this? Eike, I agree with you: the oligarchs will make sure every poor person is forced into serfdom.

bitchybitchybitchy's avatar

I don't see Barron Trump or his pals being packed off to pick oranges or grapes, do you?

Chenda's avatar

Europe's far right parties seem to be ever more puppets of Musk et al. Unpatriotic fools masquerading as nationalists.

Eike Pierstorff's avatar

As I pointed out elsewhere, the people who complained that national interest was undermined by international financial elites are undermining national interest with support from international financial elites; the Nazis are the people the Nazis warned us against.

Karen Rile's avatar

The specter of vigilantism is terrifying—and we know how the current administration deals with vigilantes—they pardon them and elevate them. I appreciate the charts, to see how bad this will be for so many industries, especially home building and construction.

Claude Kolm's avatar

Prof. Krugman -- Jonathan V. Last has suggested that Trump's deportation raids and other economic actions will try to hurt blue states and spare red states: https://substack.com/home/post/p-155332951 . What are your thoughts about this?

Chenda's avatar

So who will be the next scapegoat for higher food and housing price ? Women maybe, for stealing the men's jobs...

Rena's avatar

Yep. Now that we're not going to enforce the Civil Rights Act, I'm waiting to see conservative women told they don't get the job, despite being qualified, "because that would be taking the job away from a man who needs to support his family."

Marge Wherley's avatar

That’s one of the flaws in the fascist ointment. By dominating women, denying them birth control and abortion, their “barefoot and pregnant” stay-at-home handmaids will make the labor shortages worse. Guess they will need more child labor. And maybe we seniors will have to work for our Medicare? At least those of us who aren’t fulfilling our destiny providing grandchild-care…

Chenda's avatar

One reason for allied victory in ww2 was Britain and the US mobilised it's women to work in the factories whilst the men were fighting. This was anathema to Nazi ideology, who used unreliable and unmotivated slave labour.

Trillnor's avatar

Hegseth is going to weaken our military dramatically both by driving out women, minorities, and left-leaning men, but also by wrecking recruitment of the same people. This is not in any way a good thing for our national security.

Chenda's avatar

Right, isn't the officer corps recruitment from those evil woke universities?

George Carty's avatar

Adam Tooze disagreed with that in "Wages of Destruction": his view is that a key Nazi economic weakness was a backward and highly labor-intensive agricultural sector, which absorbed most of the female labor that the Allies would have employed in factories.

Chenda's avatar

Interesting, I'll have to check him out.

Marge Wherley's avatar

Sometimes I feel like MAGA and the TechBros would like to adopt that Nazi program. If not for all the job vacancies, we’d be relegated to Kinder, Küche, Kirche.

Chenda's avatar

Its not hard to imagine Trump eradicating anti-discrimination laws by fiat.

Marge Wherley's avatar

He’s already started. Just getting warmed up.

Sharon's avatar

First it will be Biden and the Democrat's fault. They stood in the way of the Republican's agenda. If things really start to go south, I think they'll start putting out false data.

Bob H's avatar

If we consider those in the construction trades who are voting citizens, my sense is that they are mostly Trump voters, so this talk of suspending outlays for infrastructure projects would be another case of Trump/Republican policies hurting their own base. Just what the fate of the massive Biden infrastructure projects is going to be is a key question.

Sharon's avatar

The Trump voters think they voted for lower inflation, kicking out illegal criminal gangs who are taking over our cities doing bad stuff, cutting regulations that stymie business and waste money, cutting taxes by getting other countries to pay, increasing the role of Christianity and sticking it to the arrogant liberals.

MAGA has much better sales force. They lie, but that doesn't matter right now.

The MAGA base is voting against their own interests, but this isn't anything new.

bitchybitchybitchy's avatar

Sadly some of these people won't learn until/unless they are personally affected.

Richard Jasper's avatar

That is exactly what he did. They didn't have gas ovens but that's exactly what they were. When you lock people up en masse because their ethnicity you are creating concentration camps. The British coined the term when they did the same with white South African farmers during the Boer War.

Winston Smith London Oceania's avatar

"They didn't have gas ovens..."

You mean yet. That too could change at any time.

Paul Olmsted's avatar

Perfect 1984 reference!

Paul's avatar

I was overseas just after the inauguration and my wife, an immigrant, already was worried about forgetting her driver’s license. Neighbors are scared. I had to ask our school district about their policy regarding cooperation with law enforcement. The psychological effects are already devastating. It’s racially divided too, as my white neighbors aren’t even paying attention and are happily living their lives as if everything is normal. It’s insidious.

Maribel Maldonado's avatar

Looking more and more like the Nazi playbook. (That Nanci Griffith album is A+++!!! Also the whole album is like a balm.)

Steve Beckwith's avatar

Looks like this is beginning to play out just as Timothy Snyder predicted. Damn.

Maria Teresa Alvarez's avatar

Brazilians were transported in a military airplane, with hands and feet in chains. They were kept like that for about 50 hours due to mechanical problems; there were children and women. Men were brutalized; the plane had to stop on Manaus, Brazilian law was ignored, people kept inside. Federal Police had to force them to open it and let the people leave. An Air Force was sent by President Lula to bring the citizens to their destination. The country (except Bolsonaro and his gang) is chocked, appalled. The USA is throwing LA countries into China arms. The Chinese are certainly enjoying the show.

J. P. Dwyer's avatar

Dr. Krugman, To anyone who was paying attention, this was predictable and the outcome will be as you predict it will be and probably worse. When we allow a con man to control our government, we should expect to suffer the results of his mob’s grift.

Ziggy's avatar

Wanna point out that vigilante-ism depends on a complicit police department. I think there will be a big gap between red places and blue places, with NYC unpredictable thanks to Gauleiter Adams. OTOH, ICE will enforce differentially in blue places.

Winston Smith London Oceania's avatar

The irony here is how many cops support His Orange MAGA Majesty - even after he directed a crazed mob to >assault< cops. The cognitive dissonance is unbearable.

Paul Olmsted's avatar

War is Peace

Freedom is Slavery

Ignorance is Strength

The past was dead , the future was unimaginable.

Sharon's avatar

That's why they will go into areas that they know they'll get a good reception from law enforcement. Kern county in California is perfect example. John Steinbeck used it as the setting for The Grapes of Wrath. I was born and raised there.

Kern county is the beating heart of MAGA. A large percentage of the population are Mexican. Some illegal and many legal who've been there for generations. It could be very, very ugly.